Tesla, Volvo poised to gain as CO2 emissions alliances rapidly form to avoid EU fines

Europe’s biggest automakers are wasting no time in forming alliances to meet stricter 2025 EU emissions targets, with Stellantis, Toyota, Ford, Subaru and Mazda planning to pool with electric-only Tesla, while Mercedes-Benz has created a group that will include EV-heavy Volvo and electric sister brand Polestar.