The Great Recession turned out to be an innovation lab for the industry

It was the day the earth stood still in the auto business: Sept. 15, 2008.Lehman Brothers collapsed (it's still the largest Chapter 11 filing in U.S. history) and the financial world lurched into chaos. Commercial banks and mortgage lenders around the country failed. Credit dried up overnight and high drama began to play out under every dealership rooftop in America.As storm clouds gathered, Charlie Brown, used-car manager at Chrysler-Dodge-Jeep of Eugene, Ore., tried to call Chrysler Financial. The phone nearly rang off the hook. Eventually a custodian picked up and told Brown that the lender had been dissolved.Steve Germain, CEO of Germain Motor Co. in Columbus, Ohio, recalls the morning he took the front page of his local newspaper's business section to work rather than leave it behind for his wife to read. On it was an article about the dealership group's decreasing sales and falling business.Every brand was impacted."Sales just halted," said Abigail Kampmann, then general manager of Porsche of San Antonio.It was the first month her Porsche store ever lost money."Dealers that had never worried about their viability were quite concerned," said John McEleney, president of McEleney Autocenter in Clinton, Iowa, and the 2009 NADA chairman. Annette Sykora, the 2008 NADA chairman, said: "It was a kind of perfect storm." Credit is "the lifeblood of our business."At Automotive News, we could see the shock on dealers' faces. Then the fear. Then the looks of determination. In the end, a preponderance of U.S. auto retailers weathered 2008, 2009 and 2010 with a resourcefulness roused by doggedness.The Great Recession was an innovation lab. Dealers strategized and improvised. They rewired belief systems and forged new philosophies. Ideas bubbled up.Recession strategiesIn a survey by Cars.com, 94 franchised dealers were asked to cite the most useful strategy they employed for surviving the Great Recession of 2008-2010. 38.3%Focused on used-vehicle business 29.8%Reduced advertising 26.6%Relied on fixed operations 21.3%Focused on F&I 21.3%Nothing in particular/not sure 11.7%Cut staff 6.4%Closed underperforming stores to focus on the good ones 5.3%Other 2.1%Kept all staff, but cut salaries across the board Much of what they did was predictable: They cut staff, froze hiring, cross-trained employees to handle multiple jobs, temporarily moved managers into sales positions, based department heads' pay on net, not gross, profit, and instituted 35-hour workweeks. But they also thought out of the box. Many turned to nonautomotive candidates for sales positions and shifted salespeople and technicians into salaried positions to retain them.Some decided to "just say no" to manufacturers who were twisting their arms to take more vehicles when the recession hit.They also rebid vendor contracts, centralized administrative processes and slashed advertising budgets, though a few turned up the volume on advertising. They reduced print media spending and bought digital in bulk across all stores in a group.Little things meant a lot, like combining reconditioning centers, siphoning leftover gasoline from used vehicles to fill the tanks of new vehicles and switching from generic email responses to personalized responses. Some even bought coffee and vending machines and turned them into profit centers.Scores of retailers boosted reliance on used-vehicle sales and they became obsessed with turning vehicles in 30 days or less with little front-end profit, selling the warranties and the aftermarket accessories.Those dealers began watching auctions intensely, concentrating buys on vehicles that, while not generating the highest grosses, would be bought quickly once they were on the lots. They became highly disciplined in shuffling vehicles that didn't sell in the allotted time back through the auction."We'd try to turn within 10 days," said Denny Amrhein, managing partner of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles stores in Toledo. "We'd take that car, and we wouldn't pay any floorplan on it, because we got it, and we'd turn it."Meanwhile, dealers focused on fixed operations like never before. They chased service business from stores that had closed. They adopted grid pricing based on the difficulty of the job and they started multipoint inspections on all vehicles in for service while adding services such as tires, detailing, minor bodywork and headlight restorations.Managers leaned out parts inventories, started group purchasing of parts and supplies and groupwide delivery systems to reduce labor and fuel costs. One counterintuitive measure was to reduce discounting in the service departments.Everywhere, dealers got granular. They analyzed performance metrics and conducted weekly, storewide financial updates.Meanwhile, they made hospitality to customers a priority. Many conducted free service clinics on weekends to attract customers. Time to ponder

The Great Recession turned out to be an innovation lab for the industry

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